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WHAT IS A BUNION?
A bunion is an abnormal bony bump that forms at the base of the big toe. The big toe joint becomes enlarged to the inside, with the toe turned and pointing inward. The medical term for the deformity where the big toe angles toward the other toes is hallux valgus.
HOW DOES IT OCCUR?
Bunions most often result from wearing shoes that do not fit properly , or from wearing high-heeled shoes with narrow pointed toes. When a shoe rubs against the the toe joint, it irritates the area, making it swollen, red, and painful. A tough, calloused covering grows over the site. The tendency to have bunions may also be inherited.
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?
| - a bony bump at the base of the big toe |
| - swelling, redness, and soreness of the big toe joint |
| - thickening of the skin at the base of the big toe |
HOW IS IT TREATED?
Often, nonsurgical treatment is sufficient. Pressure on the big toe can usually be relieved by:
| - wearing roomy, comfortable shoes |
| - wearing a corrective device that pushes the big toe back into the proper position and holds it in place |
| - placing a pad on the bunion |
In addition, your doctor may prescribe anti-inflammatory medication (aspirin or ibuprofen) for pain relief. Custom made arch supports called "orthotics" may help reduce bunion pain. If the bunion gets worse and causes too much discomfort, your doctor may suggest surgery to:
| - take out the swollen tissue |
| - straighten the toe by taking out part of the bone |
| - permanently join the bones of the affected joint |
HOW LONG WILL THE EFFECTS LAST?
A bunion is a permanent problem. You will continue to have it unless you have surgery to remove it. Recovery from bunion surgery may take 2 months or more.
HOW CAN I TAKE CARE OF MYSELF?
If you have swelling, redness, or pain in the big toe joint:
| - keep pressure off the affected toe |
| - wear comfortable shoes that fit well and allow enough room for your toes |
| - see your doctor or a foot specialist if your condition does not improve, or if new symptoms develop |
| - follow your doctor's instructions for taking prescribed medication |
WHAT CAN BE DONE TO HELP PREVENT BUNIONS?
You can help prevent bunions from developing by wearing comfortable shoes that fit properly. Be sure that your shoes do not cramp or irritate your toes. This is especially important if your family has a history of weak or flat feet, which are conditions that may be inherited.
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