Images of Musculoskeletal Oncology

Telangiectatic Osteogenic Sarcoma
An 18 year old girl presented with pain and swelling just above one knee for three months.

This oblique radiograph of her knee (1975) revealed an osteolytic lesion of the distal metaphysis, and into the epiphysis as well.
AP x-rays of both knees. The poorly marginated lesion with loss of cortex suggests a malignant lesion best shown in the oblique study.
Biopsy and frozen section revealed a pattern of vascular spaces and new bone that suggested the diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cyst.
However, final histosections a few days later revealed the true nature of this high grade, pleomorphic lesion, which when combined with the tumor vascular nature was diagnosed as a telangiectatic osteogenic sarcoma IIB; only small amounts of new bone were formed.
The time was 1975 before limb sparing was common and when telangiectatic osteogenic sarcoma was considered to be usually fatal. A high thigh amputation was performed. The gross appearance of the sectioned femur revealed the hemorrhagic nature of the lesion which destroyed local cortex.


The true malignant nature of this neoplasm is demonstrated by this chest x-ray at one year after amputation, revealing a pneumothorax, pleural effusion and a solid pulmonary tumor mass. Aspiration of the pleural effusion yielded sarcoma cells. Chemotherapy was continued and the pulmonary metastases resolved completely.
She remains alive and well 32 years after the amputation. She is married, has one child, and works as a beautician and schoolteacher. She is also a competitive rodeo rider. She does not consider herself to be handicapped, and does everything she did before her amputation.
Learning Issues:

1. Frozen section biopsies are sometimes not reliable.
2. So called telangiectatic osteosarcoma can be cured with proper treatment.
3. Osteosarcoma patients where treatment includes high thigh amputation may have an excellent quality of life.


Images of Musculoskeletal Oncology
University at Buffalo Department of Orthopaedics