Images of Musculoskeletal Oncology

Osteosarcoma
A 3 year old girl was seen with two months of pain and stiffness in her right shoulder.

The original impression by her doctors was simple bone cyst with pathological fracture. However; the pain continued, which is usually not true for patients with simple bone cysts, whose fractures usually heal uneventfully.
The radiographs are not of good quality, and the metaphyseal destruction was not appreciated.


Core needle biopsy of the enlarging tumor mass reveals cellular pleomorphic cells forming small amounts of osteoid, and with many bizarre giant cells; the diagnosis of osteosarcoma IIB was made.

By this time, the tumor has grown enormously, with areas of necrosis revealing the high grade nature of this conventional osteogenic sarcoma.
MRI reveals the multiple areas of tumor bone formation in the soft tissues.
Low power photomicrograph demonstrates the marked pleomorphism and areas of necrosis, all reenforcing the diagnosis of a high grade sarcoma.
Bone scan revealed the extensive local nature of this lesion.
Despite chemotherapy and forequarter amputation (done one month after biopsy), the patient succumbed with wide spread metastases four months after biopsy, indicating its high grade malignant nature.
Learning Issues:

Although (radiologically) lesions in the upper humerus with pathological fractures may simulate a simple bone cyst, the presence of significant pain and swelling should alert one concerning the more likely diagnosis of osteosarcoma.


Images of Musculoskeletal Oncology
University at Buffalo Department of Orthopaedics